Polypyrrole modified hierarchical porous CoS2@RGO aerogel electrode for ultrafast sodium storage

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - CoS2 nanooctahedrons homogeneously encapsulated by hierarchical porous-reduced graphene oxide and polypyrrole thin film are constructed via a simple...     

Electrochemical characteristics of the dynamic progression of erosion-corrosion under different flow conditions and their effects on corrosion rate calculation

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - The erosion-corrosion performance of X65 carbon steel at different flow conditions was electrochemically studied. Results show that the anodic polarization...     

氯化钠水溶液结构的研究

利用上海光源(SSRF)的第三代同步辐射光源测定室温下摩尔浓度分别为0.172 mol/L、0.343 mol/L、0.699 mol/L、1.064 mol/L、2.832 mol/L、3.910 mol/L、5.289 mol/L的NaCl水溶液的X射线散射数据。由X射线散射数据可知，随着NaCl水溶液浓度的增大，X射线散射曲线的特征峰由12.6°到13.4°发生偏移。运用Pair Distribution Function(PDF)理论对X射线散射数据进行处理，得到了不同浓度NaCl水溶液及纯水的差值对分布函数，其中的O-O峰随着浓度的增大逐渐分裂为两峰，O-O峰位在0.282 nm处。利用分子动力学模拟研究不同浓度的NaCl水溶液，表明Na+、Cl-的引入对水分子的氢键结构有一定的破坏，当浓度大于15%时，这种效果尤其明显。Na+、Cl-均存在两层水化层，各离子间配位数随浓度的增大而减少。H2O分子的自扩散系数远大于Na+和Cl-的自扩散系数，后两者的值随浓度的增大逐渐减少，Na+和Cl-的水化半径均随浓度增大而降低。     

Pharmacokinetic study of tanshinol and ligustrazine in rat plasma after intravenous administration of tanshinol and Danshen Chuanxiongqin Injection

To investigate the effect of ligustrazine on the pharmacokinetic profile of tanshinol after intravenous administration in rats, a sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for quantitative determination of tanshinol and ligustrazine in rat plasma. After prepared by protein precipitation, the analytes were separated on a Waters Acquity HSS T3 column (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.8μm) and eluted by 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.4 ml/min. The precursor–product ion transitions were m/z 197.0 → 135.0 for tanshinol, m/z 417.1 → 255.1 for liquiritin (internal standard) in negative ion mode and m/z 137.1 → 55.0 for ligustrazine in positive ion mode. To avoid the interference of tanshinol metabolite transformation, the stability of analytes in samples collected after administration was assessed. The validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study after intravenous administration of single tanshinol and Danshen Chuanxiongqin Injection. After Danshen Chuanxiongqin injection administration, the values of elimination half-time, area under the concentration–time curve and C_o were 0.36 ± 0.13 h, 1.29 ± 0.37 μg/ml h and 10.51 ± 2.58 μg/ml for male rats, respectively. In the single tanshinol group, the corresponding values were 0.56 ± 0.24 h, 1.85 ± 0.44 μg/ml h and 14.11 ± 2.26 μg/ml for male rats—30–40% higher than those for the Danshen Chuanxiongqin Injection group. There was a significant different between male and female rats. This study provided information on the influence of ligustrazine on the pharmacokinetic characteristics of tanshinol after intravenous administration of Danshen Chuanxiongqin Injection in rats, which will be helpful for its clinical application.     

Spleen and thymus metabolomics strategy to explore the immunoregulatory mechanism of total withanolides from the leaves of Datura metel L. on imiquimod-induced psoriatic skin dermatitis in mice

Our previous work demonstrated that total withanolides of Datura metel L. leaves (TWD) exhibited excellent therapeutic effects on psoriasis. However, current knowledge of its mechanisms is incomplete. In this study, integrated spleen and thymus untargeted metabolomics were used to analyze the changes in endogenous metabolites underlying the immunosuppressive activity of TWD on psoriasis animal models induced by imiquimod. The results suggested that TWD treatment markedly attenuated imiquimod-induced psoriasis and showed significant immunosuppressive activity as evidenced by decreased elevation index of spleen and thymus. Meanwhile, TWD significantly reversed the elevation of immunoregulatory factors, including IL-10, IL-17, IL-22 and IL-23. Multivariate trajectory analysis revealed that TWD treatment could restore the psoriasis-disturbed spleen and thymus metabolite profiles towards the normal metabolic status. A total of 25 and 27 metabolites associated with the immunomodulatory effects for which levels changed markedly upon treatment have been identified in spleen and thymus, respectively. These differential metabolites were mainly involved in amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, fatty acid metabolism and lipid metabolism. Our investigation provided a holistic view of TWD for intervention in psoriasis through immunoregulation and provided further scientific information in vivo about a clinical value of TWD for psoriasis.     

13C chemical shift tensors in MOF α-Mg3(HCOO)6: Which component is more sensitive to host-guest interaction?

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of important porous materials with many current and potential applications. Their applications almost always involve the interaction between host framework and guest species. Therefore, understanding of host–guest interaction in MOF systems is fundamentally important. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy is an excellent technique for investigating host–guest interaction as it provides information complementary to that obtained from X-ray diffraction. In this work, using MOF α-Mg₃(HCOO)₆ as an example, we demonstrated that ¹³C chemical shift tensor of organic linker can be utilized to probe the host–guest interaction in MOFs. Obtaining ¹³C chemical shift tensor components (δ₁₁, δ₂₂, and δ₃₃, where δ₁₁ ≥ δ₂₂ ≥ δ₃₃) in this MOF is particularly challenging as there are six coordinatively equivalent but crystallographically non-equivalent carbons in the unit cell with very similar local coordination environment. Two-dimensional magic-angle-turning experiments were employed to measure the ¹³C chemical shift tensors of each individual crystallographically non-equivalent carbon in three microporous α-Mg₃(HCOO)₆ samples with different guest species. The results indicate that the δ₂₂ component (with its direction approximately being co-planar with the formate anion and perpendicular to the C−H bond) is more sensitive to the adsorbate molecules inside the MOF channel due to the weak C−H···O hydrogen bonding or the ring current effect of benzene. The ¹³C isotropic chemical shift, on the other hand, seems much less sensitive to the subtle changes in the local environment around formate linker induced by adsorption. The approach described in this study may be used in future studies on host–guest interaction within MOFs.     

Unlocking the Drug Potential of the Bryostatin Family: Recent Advances in Product Synthesis and Biomedical Applications

Bryostatins are a class of naturally occurring macrocyclic lactones with a unique fast developing portfolio of clinical applications, including treatment of AIDS, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer. This comprehensive account summarizes the recent progress (2014–present) in the development of bryostatins, including their total synthesis and biomedical applications. An emphasis is placed on the discussion of bryostatin 1 , the most-studied analogue to date. This review highlights the synthetic and biological challenges of bryostatins and provides an outlook on their future development.     

Dimeric Manganese-Catalyzed Hydroarylation and Hydroalkenylation of Unsaturated Amides

An unprecedented Mn(I)-catalyzed selective hydroarylation and hydroalkenylation of unsaturated amides with commercially available organic boronic acids is reported. Alkenyl boronic acids have been successfully employed for the first time in Mn(I)-catalyzed carbon–carbon bond formation. A wide array of β-alkenylated amide products can be obtained in moderate to good yields, which offers practical access to five- and six-membered lactams. This protocol has predictable regio- and chemoselectivity, excellent functional group compatibility and ease of operation in air, representing a significant step-forward towards manganese-catalyzed C−C coupling.     

TiC-MgO composite: an X-ray transparent and machinable heating element in a multi-anvil high pressure apparatus

ABSTRACT

TiC-MgO composite was developed as a heating element for X-ray study in the multi-anvil high pressure apparatus. We synthesized TiC-MgO blocks (50–70 wt.% of TiC) by compression in a cold isostatic press followed by baking in a gas flow furnace. Heaters of tubular shape were manufactured from the synthesized blocks either by lathe or numerically controlled milling machine. The so-produced heating elements have been proved to generate temperatures up to 2250?K at 10?GPa, condition where classical graphite heaters are not suitable anymore due to graphite-diamond transition. These new heaters have been successfully used for in situ X-ray radiography and diffraction measurements on liquid Fe alloys, exploiting excellent X-ray transparency.